The glycol ethers methoxyethanol (ME), ethoxyethanol (EE), and butoxyethanol (BE) are widely used in industrial and house-hold products. Exceptions do exist, such as the glomerular lesions in New Zealand Black (NZB) mice, which have been studied extensively, in a large number of animals, with sophisticated experimental laboratory techniques. Park J, Yoon C, Byun H, Kim Y, Park D, Ha K, Lee Sm, Park S, Chung E. J Occup Health. Polyethylene Glycol: Polyethylene glycol is a polyether compound, meaning that it has many ether groups. Participants at the Final Review Board meeting are listed in Appendix 3. In evaluating the hazard that this chemical may pose to man, consideration has been given to likely routes of exposure and its irritant properties. The results of in vitro studies indicate that human red blood cells are not as sensitive as rat red blood cells to the haemolytic effects of 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyacetic acid and also that red blood cells are more sensitive to haemolysis by 2-butoxyacetic acid than to haemolysis by 2-butoxyethanol. Appl. This CICAD on 2-butoxyethanol was based upon reviews prepared by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1990) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 1996). It has many names including ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether, Butyl Cellusolve, butyl glycol, and butyl Oxitol. It is concluded that the available information continues to support the current ACGIH TWA8-TLV of 25 ppm with a STEL of 75 ppm. It is extensively used in aerosols and cleaning agents intended for household use. Nearly all air concentrations [MEA (n = 68), glycol ethers (n = 79), BA (n = 15), and formaldehyde (n = 45)] were far below (<1/10) of the corresponding Swiss occupational exposure limits (OEL), except for ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (EGBE). These results indicate that of the chemicals tested only ME, MEA, and MAA are immunosuppressive, and that oxidative metabolism via alcohol dehydrogenase is necessary for ME- and MEA-suppression of the response to TNP-LPS. The etiology and pathogenesis of lesions in some conditions is well understood, but in many other entities and in some species, the study of the pathology of the urinary tract is in its infancy. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is reviewed. Toxicol Rep. 2020 Jun 23;7:779-787. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.007. At the conclusion of the 90-day exposure regimen, the hematologic effects seen in the females had lessened (RBC was 7% below control) or returned to control value ranges. The mechanism of testicular atrophy induced by low ethylene glycol mono alkyl ethers is likely to be an inhibitory action on cell division. Methyl cellosolve-induced renal oxidative stress and time-dependent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats. Long term outcomes may include kidney failure and brain damage. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS). In a subsequent study, rats were exposed to mean EGHE concentrations of 0 (control), 20, 41, or 71 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. Ethylene Glycol 107-21-1 Hazard Summary Ethylene glycol has many uses, including as antifreeze in cooling and heating systems, in hydraulic brake fluids, and as a solvent. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2020 Aug 29;24:100806. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100806. It is also used in metal and household cleaners. Abstract. The International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC 0059) produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS, 1993) has also been reproduced in this document. When substances were not noted as present in safety data sheets of cleaning products used but were measured, air concentrations showed no presence of MEA, while the glycol ethers were often present, and formaldehyde was universally detected. The uptake rates ranged from 7 to 96 nmol.min-1.cm-2. Oral and dermal toxicity of MSMA to New Zealand white rabbits,Oryctalagus cuniculus, Acute Toxicity of a Mercapto - Functional Silicone oil, Experimental study of cutaneous tolerance to glycol ethers. Sections I (Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects) and This report increases awareness and recommends work practices to reduce exposures to ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-butoxyethanol). Prenatal toxicity (1985) Pregnancy Risk Group C Germ cell mutagenicity – BAT value (1995, 2008) 100 mg butoxyacetic acid/l urine 200 mg total butoxyacetic acid/l urine Synonyms n-butoxyethanol O-butyl ethylene glycol butyl glycol EGBE ethylene glycol n-butyl ether glycol butyl ether monobutyl glycol ether 3-oxa-1-hepatanol Professional cleaners were found to be exposed to multiple airborne irritants at low concentrations, thus these substances should be considered in investigations of respiratory dysfunctions in the cleaning industry; especially in specialized cleaning tasks such as intensive floor cleaning. 112-25-4) for 6 hr/day on gestational days (gd) 6 through gd 15 (rats) or gd 6 through gd 18 (rabbits) at analytically measured concentrations (as means ± SD) of 20.8 ± 0.90, 41.1 ± 1.77, or 79.2 ± 10.8 ppm; control animals were exposed to air alone. Thus, exposure of rats and rabbits to EGHE vapor during the period of organogenesis produced maternal toxicity at near-saturation vapor concentrations (79.2 ppm), but no evidence for developmental toxicity or teratogenicity. There were significant depressions of red blood cell (RBC) count (approximately 20% below control values), hemoglobin (Hgb), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) concentration and increases in nucleated erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and lymphocytes in males and females of the 245 ppm group. Urine was collected for 24 h and analyzed for the metabolite butoxyacetic acid, also by gas chromatography. Exposure to MEA was affected by its amount used (P = 0.036), and spraying (P = 0.000) and exposure to butoxypropanol was affected by spraying (P = 0.007) and cross-ventilation (P = 0.000). The elimination kinetics of 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, EGBE) were studied in the once-through isolated perfused rat liver system in the presence and absence of ethanol. No unchanged DGBA or DGBE was detected in rat urine at either dose level. The estimated half-life of 2-butoxyethanol in water is approximately 1-4 weeks, and the chemical is likely readily biodegraded in aerobic soil and water. Slight, but statistically significant, decreases in RBC (13% below control) and Hgb, accompanied by an increase in MCH (11% above control) were observed in the 77 ppm-exposed females after 6 weeks. For butoxypropanol and BA, no OELs exist. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. DEG has also been inappropriately substituted in pharmaceutical preparations for nontoxic constituents, resulting in more than a dozen epidemics of human poisoning, w… Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to ethylene glycol by ingesting large quantities causes three stages of health effects: central nervous system (CNS) depression, followed by In animals, adverse effects on reproduction and development have not been observed at less than toxic doses. The results showed no delayed. . Within the dose range studied, the absorption and metabolism of these three glycol ethers by rats was linearly related to the dermally applied dose. The results indicate that persons exposing large portions of their skin to butoxyethanol are at risk of absorbing acutely toxic doses. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. These 95% commercial antifreeze preparations are diluted ~50% with water when used in vehicle cooling systems. It is a colourless liquid that is miscible in water and soluble in most organic solvents. However, there were no gross or histopathologic lesions found to indicate impairment of the liver. Concomitant administration of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole with ME or MEA prevented suppression of the PFC response by these glycol ethers. The maximum intrinsic clearance varied between 0.7 and 2.0 ml/min/g liver. On the basis of the data presented, it is doubtful that any problems of acute toxicity will result from the use of this silicone oil. EGM was more effective than EGE, while ethylene glycol mono butyl ether and ethylene glycol mono phenyl ether had but slight effect and EG had no detectable action on testis and leucocytes. Diethylene glycol (DEG) is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid with a sweet taste, and is an excellent solvent for water-insoluble chemicals and drugs. Based upon the development of haemolytic effects in pregnant rats exposed during gestation, a sample tolerable concentration for humans of 13.1 mg 2-butoxyethanol/m3 has been derived. ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER (EGBE) (CAS No. Acute toxicity values, such as oral and percutaneous LD 50 s, are often used as the basis for classifying chemicals into toxicity categories, and their subsequent regulation. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The mechanism of ethylene glycol ether reproductive and developmental toxicity and evidence for adverse effects in humans. 185-191, 1984 Acute and Subchronic Toxicity of Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether by Tipton R. Tyler* The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity ofethylene glycol monobutyl ether is Three different amounts of the ¹⁴C-labeled glycol ethers (450–4000 μmole/kg) were applied to same-sized areas on the clipped backs of rats, and nonoccluded percutaneous absorption was measured. Pharmacol. Dermally administered glycol ethers were metabolized differently than glycol ethers administered in drinking water (M. A. Medinsky, G. Singh, W. E. Bechtold, J. Effects of repeated application of EGBE to the skin of rabbits. Severe malformations and disturbed hematopoiesis have been linked with exposure to EGME and EGMEA at unknown, probably high, levels. 1983 Jun;27(2):91-102. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(83)90014-8. Embryonic deaths in monkeys and impaired spermatogenesis in rabbits have been reported after daily oral doses of 12 and 25 mg per kg body weight, respectively. EGMEA is rapidly converted to EGME in the body and the two substances are equally toxic in animals. The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is reviewed. It is a known respiratory irritant and can be acutely toxic but … Arch Toxicol Suppl. Transient eye irritation and barely perceptible skin irritation were among, We tried out the potential irritant and sensitizing effect of the main glycol ethers found in industrial and consumer products. Information on the nature of the peer review and availability of the source documents is presented in Appendix 1. Criteria for a Recommended Occupational Exposure Standard for Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether and Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate—DHHS (NIOSH) No. Timed pregnant Fischer 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits were exposed to vapor from ethylene glycol monohexyl ether (EGHE, CAS No. Dose-dependent Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the elimination of EGBE were observed in the investigated concentration range. No alterations of the hematology parameters or the morphology of the testes or liver were observed. The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is reviewed. In addition to ME and MAA, only MEA, which was as effective as ME, suppressed the PFC response to TNP-LPS. For maternal rats at 79.2 ppm, there were transient decrease in body weight and body weight gain during exposure, reduced food consumption, increased water consumption, and excess lacrimation. 2-Butoxyethanol Butyl cellosolve Dowanol EB Glycol butyl ether Poly-solv EB Call fire department. It is not known whether chronic or repeated exposure to ethylene glycol increases the risk of reproductive toxicity or developmental toxicity. 2-Butoxyethanol has moderate acute toxicity and is irritating to the eyes and skin; it is not a skin sensitizer. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. DGBA (5 mM) was hydrolysed in rat blood to diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGBE) with a half-life of less than 3 min. Gestational parameters monitored were numbers of corpora lutea, preimplantation losses, viable implants, early and late resorptions, and dead fetuses. Hepatic oxidative stress, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and oncogenic markers following 2-methoxyethanol administrations in rats. No evidence was found for excretion of 2-butoxyacetic acid, which has been shown to exert haematological effects in rats. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. At sacrifice (gd 21 rats, gd 29 rabbits) maternal weight, liver weight, and gravid uterine weight were measured. Information on the peer review of this CICAD is presented in Appendix 2. There were no significant biological effects in rats exposed subchronically to 25 or 5 ppm. The average size of the rabbit dermal irritant patch tests was 1.0, indicating that MSMA is a mild irritant to intact skin. eCollection 2020 Sep. Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Olunaike OE, Jimoh LA. Butyl Glycol Ether Revision Date 03/04/2015 Version 1.0 Print Date 03/04/2015 110000002553 Page 1 of 9 SAFETY DATA SHEET SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING Trade name Butyl Glycol Ether Synonyms Butyl cellosolve, Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER EGM CAUTIONARY RESPONSE INFORMATION Common Synonyms Oily liquid Colorless Mild rancid odor Floats and mixes with water. Glycol ethers should be handled with all the care that should be taken in the safe use of organic solvents. Although only detected once, EGBE air concentrations (n = 4) were high (49.48-58.72mg m(-3)), and close to the Swiss OEL (49mg m(-3)). 2-Butoxyethanol exists in the atmosphere almost entirely as a vapour; because the chemical has an atmospheric half-life of approximately 17 h, the risk for transport via the atmosphere should be small. Its potential for bioaccumulation is low. In the present study, the PFC response to TNP-LPS was used to evaluate the immunotoxic potential of ethylene glycol (EG) as well as the glycol ethers 2-methoxyethyl acetate (MEA), 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol, bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, 2-ethoxyethanol and its principal metabolite 2-ethoxyacetic acid, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, and 2-butoxyethanol relative to ME and MAA. Oral dosing of adult male F344 rats with the glycol ether 2-methoxyethanol (ME) or its principal metabolite 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA) results in the suppression of the primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS). Therefore, the two substances should be considered as equally hazardous to man. In view of recent findings with other chemically related glycol ethers, particular attention has been given to possible adverse effects on blood and testicular tissue. This CICAD was approved as an international assessment at a meeting of the Final Review Board, held in Berlin, Germany, on 26-28 November 1997. At ambient conditions, the low vapor pressure of ethylene glycol monohexyl ether (EGHE) allows for a maximum vapor concentration of approximately 85 ppm. The formation of small amounts of ethylene glycol indicated cleavage of the ether bond. 2. However, more realistic assumptions based on the available data suggest that risk to aquatic organisms is low. The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is reviewed. Many lesions have been described only in morphologic terms and without good clinical histories and laboratory work-ups. In the presence of 17.1 mm ethanol (0.1%) the extraction ratio of EGBE decreased from 0.44 to 0.11. Ethylene Glycol: The general formula for ethylene glycol is C 2 H 6 O 2. Ethylene glycol poisoning is poisoning caused by drinking ethylene glycol. Avoid contact with liquid. Indirect exposure of the general population to 2-butoxyethanol is most likely from inhalation and dermal absorption during the use of products containing the chemical. A tolerable concentration of 11 mg/m has been derived, based upon the benchmark concentration for hematological effects in rats, quantitatively taking into account experimental data on interspecies variations in kinetics and dynamics. Environ Health Perspect. Mice were given various doses (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg body weight) of the compounds daily for 5 days/week, for 5 weeks. Exposure of rodents to high concentrations of BE resulted in anemia due to hemolysis of blood cells, leukopenia, hemoglobinuria, and liver and kidney damage. 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