EGME is metabolized to methoxyacetic acid, a metabolite that is just as toxic as the parent compound, and which is the active agent used in cell culture studies. While E-series glycol ethers derive their name from ethylene oxide, the classification of P-series glycol ethers is based on propylene oxide. With over 300 types of glycol ethers, customers are able to select the appropriate chemical with the flame resistance, solubility, and volatility they require. Updates? They are extensively used as solvents in industrial processes and manufacturing and as thinner and viscosity improving agents in coating processes. Unlike ethylene glycol, however, propylene glycol is not toxic and is used extensively in foods, cosmetics, and oral hygiene products as a solvent, preservative, and moisture-retaining agent. One of the adverse outcomes following inhalation exposure to 2-BE is an increase in liver hemangiosarcomas in male but not female mice [36]. Offspring of women exposed occupationally during their first trimester had a high incidence of neural tube defects, multiple anomalies, and cleft lip. Lewandowski, in Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, 2014. Has 100% water solubility and is ideally suited as a coupling agent in a wide range of solvent systems. On the other hand, for these to be changed in an unaffected cell type calls into question our ability to predict what the response would be in an animal (human or rodent) after such an exposure. More recent toxicogenomics work with MAA has found significant response of oxidative stress responsive genes, which leads into our next proposal for considering mechanisms. Propylene glycol is manufactured in large amounts from propylene oxide, which is obtained from propylene. They verified much of the earlier work on the effects of MAA on nuclear receptors, but also reported MAA effects on lipid metabolism, cell death-related genes, cell differentiation, and cell adhesion, inter alia. In order to increase their volatility, the free hydroxyl group of the ether can be esterified, usually with acetic acid. Use of methoxyethanol has declined in recent years due to risk management procedures and replacement by other substances. Polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether crystallizes perfectly. Despite this collective tunnel vision, it is important to remember that several other studies have reported either small vacuoles at the ultrastructural level in Sertoli cells which resolved by 24 hours after a single administration, or early changes in Sertoli cell enzymes or receptors or kinases. It is encouraging to think that multiple cell types would give the same response, but daunting to consider how much more we have to learn in order to predict a real in vivo response. Glycol ethers and their acetates are used in a variety of industries and products. The molar mass of diethylene glycol is 106.12 g/mol. Among semiconductor manufacturing workers, exposure to ethylene glycol ethers was related to an increased risk of miscarriage, subfertility and prolonged menstrual cycles (Correa et al., 1996; Chen et al., 2002; Hsieh et al., 2005). DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. Alkoxyethanols are mainly eliminated as alkoxyacetic acid via urine. Organic compound, any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms...…, Alcohol, any of a class of organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl (―OH)...…, Molecule, a group of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit into which...…. The molar mass of this compound is about 62.07 g/mol. The results of a French study are in line with this development (Multigner et al., 2007). Ethyldiglycol Ethyl di glycol (also known as EDG, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxyethanol, ethoxy diglycol and diethylene glycol monoethylether) is a clear, colourless liquid with a mild, yet characteristic odour. Recommended use and restrictions on use Use of the substance/mixture : Solvent 1.3. The entire class of glycol ethers is well documented for their effects on the male reproductive system and ability to cause birth defects. T. Kinyanjui, ... S. Mahungu, in Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), 2003. DOWANOL™ PPh glycol ether is also used extensively in dyeing applications, where it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It has a high degree of elastic stretch under low loads offering distinct advantages over other non-absorbable sutures (Rodheaver et al., 1986). Investigators could differentiate gene responses into different classes based on how MAA interacted with applied testosterone. The Leydig cells never appeared abnormal, although prostate weights were occasionally reduced in some studies. For example, diethylene glycol dimethylether exposure in pregnant mice produced reduction in fetal body weights and skeletal malformations at 125 mg kg−1 day−1, a dose that did not have systemic effects in the maternal animals (Price et al., 1987). Glycol ethers, with the combination of ether, alcohol and hydrocarbon chain in one molecule, provide versatile solvency characteristics with both polar and non-polar properties. Supplier Ethylene glycol and some of its derivatives are mildly toxic. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with alkali metals, nitrides, and other strong reducing agents. It is able to stretch to 50% of its original length at a load of 25% of its known breaking point (Rodheaver et al., 1986; Moy et al., 1992). 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