Eggplant (US,[1] Australia,[2] New Zealand, anglophone Canada), aubergine (UK,[3] Ireland, Quebec, and most of mainland Western Europe) or brinjal (South Asia, Malaysia, South Africa)[4][5] is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. 18 Scientific name: Solanum melongena. However, Solanum incanum and cockroach berry (S. capsicoides), other eggplant-like nightshades described by Linnaeus and Allioni, respectively, were occasionally considered eggplant varieties, but this is not correct. "'egg-plant, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, July 2018, Unless otherwise stated, material in this section derives from. Early forms include: From these forms came the botanical Latin melongēna. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit.. [29], The plant is also known as guinea squash in Southern American English. Some other cultivars are white and longer in shape. 1. Ash weevils: Myllocerus subfasciatus, M. discolor, M. viridanus, M. maculosus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). About 60 synonyms included under this species have compounded the controversy. Brinjal definition: a tropical Old World solanaceous plant, Solanum melongena, widely cultivated for its... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples It provides low amounts of essential nutrients, with only manganese having a moderate percentage (11%) of the Daily Value. The cut surface of the flesh rapidly turns brown when the fruit is cut open (oxidation). Semiwild types can grow much larger, to 225 cm (7 ft 5 in), with large leaves over 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) broad. For this reason, it should generally not be planted in areas previously occupied by its close relatives. [18] In 19th-century Egypt, insanity was said to be "more common and more violent" when the eggplant is in season in the summer.[19]. [40] Eggplants also feature in several Japanese expression and proverbs, such as "Don't feed autumn eggplant to your wife" (秋茄子は嫁に食わすな, akinasu ha yomi ni kuwasuna) and "Always listen to your parents" (親の意見と茄子の花は千に一つも無駄はない, oya no iken to nasubi no hana ha sen ni hitotsu mo muda ha nai, literally: "not even one in a thousand of a parents' opinion or an eggplant flower are in vain"). ... methyl (Metassystox 25 EV) per litre of water or 2 ml of Malathion-50 EC per litre of water every 15 days. k16455315 Fotosearch Stock Photography and Stock Footage helps you find the perfect photo or footage, fast! In English usage, modern names deriving from Arabic bāḏinjān include: All the aubergine-type names have the same origin, in the Dravidian languages. The dish has several variants, including rellenong talong which is stuffed with meat and vegetables. Shoot and Fruit borer . 1Senior Scientific officer, 2Chief Scientific Officr (In-charge), 3,4&5Scientific Officer, ... population abundance of red spider mite in brinjal, cucumber, snake gourd, teasle A Levantine specialty is makdous, another pickling of eggplants, stuffed with red peppers and walnuts in olive oil. 4. Brinjals are highly nutritious. It has amazing nutritional facts and health benefits. Mites which cannot bite humans may also transmit disease or cause allergies. A 2008 study of a sample of 741 people in India, where eggplant is commonly consumed, found nearly 10% reported some allergic symptoms after consuming eggplant, with 1.4% showing symptoms within two hours. U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Institute Report, 18:1080. This testifies the great diversity of the insect and mite pests in … Brinjal is also known as aubergines and Eggplants. [32][33], On 9 February 2010, the Environment Ministry of India imposed a moratorium on the cultivation of Bt brinjal after protests against regulatory approval of cultivated Bt brinjal in 2009, stating the moratorium would last "for as long as it is needed to establish public trust and confidence". The scientific name of Brinjal is Solanum melongena. [24] The Oxford English Dictionary records that between 1797 and 1888, the name vegetable egg was also used. Crop: Brinjal. It belongs to the family Solanaceae. Join now. Good sanitation and crop rotation practices are extremely important for controlling fungal disease, the most serious of which is Verticillium. The eggplant is a delicate, tropical perennial plant often cultivated as a tender or half-hardy annual in temperate climates. Oval or elongated oval-shaped and black-skinned cultivars include 'Harris Special Hibush', 'Burpee Hybrid', 'Bringal Bloom', 'Black Magic', 'Classic', 'Dusky', and 'Black Beauty'. Grubs feeds on roots resulting in wilting and death of plants. S. violaceum of de Candolle applies to Linnaeus' S. aethiopicum. The term brinjal is less common that is heard in countries like India. Tasting Korean Fare in Beijing", "Fuss-free stir-fried eggplants, a perfect side dish", "The Happy Home Cook: Rellenong Talong (Stuffed Eggplant)", https://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/vangi-bhaat-recipe/, "How to Grow Eggplant in Cooler Climates", "Growing Eggplant Successfully in Cooler Climates – Garden Mentors", "Fire retardant garden plants for the urban fringe and rural areas", "Eggplant production in 2018, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution", "Total Phenolic Concentration and Browning Susceptibility in a Collection of Different Varietal Types and Hybrids of Eggplant: Implications for Breeding for Higher Nutritional Quality and Reduced Browning", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eggplant&oldid=998609612, Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles with disputed statements from December 2020, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [37] Eggplant flesh is smooth. Eggplant, Auberigine, Brinjal. Eggplant comes from the family Solanaceae and its botanical name is Solanummelongena. [16], Because of the plant's relationship with various other nightshades, the fruit was at one time believed to be extremely poisonous. In the markets, varieties of eggplants varying in size, shape, and color put for sale. Also known as anglophone, aubergine, brinjal, or in the Philippines “talong”, it is a plantunder the nightshade family Solanaceae. The plant species is believed to have originated in India, where it continues to grow wild,[10] or in Africa. Since I live in the US, calling it eggplant seems natural. After hatching from the egg, the first immature stage (larva) has three pair of l… We feature 60,800,000 royalty free photos, 343,000 stock footage clips, digital videos, vector clip art images, clipart pictures, background graphics, medical illustrations, and maps. As a member of the genus Solanum, it is related to the tomato, chili pepper, and potato, although they are new world and the eggplant, like nightshade, is old world. Perhaps the best-known Turkish eggplant dishes are imam bayıldı (vegetarian) and karnıyarık (with minced meat). Avoid those shriveled, soft in hand and with wrinkles, surface cuts or bruised. They generally live on the undersides of leaves of plants, where they may spin protective silk webs, and they can cause damage by puncturing the plant … They suck chlorophyll from the leaves, causing white translucent spots and a silky web that can cover the whole crop. Scientific / Botanical Name of Eggplant. It is frequently, but not always, cooked with fat. lasiocarpum.[64]. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous crop of sub-tropics and tropics.The brinjal, eggplant or Aubergine (French name) has originated in the Indian sub-continent and China (Thompson and Kelly, 1957; Purewal, 1957; Martin and Rhodes, 1979).Brinjal is an important vegetable crop of the Far East, Bangladesh, India, China and the Philippines. The Hobson-Jobson dictionary comments that 'probably there is no word of the kind which has undergone such extraordinary variety of modifications, whilst retaining the same meaning, as this'.[27]. The result is berenjena of Almagro, Ciudad Real. Many eggplant dishes are sauces made by mashing the cooked fruit. ... Other Names of Eggplant. Log in. Schuhmacher and Peter Thonning named the eggplant as S. edule, which is also a junior synonym of sticky nightshade (S. sisymbriifolium). Eggplant is the egg-shaped glossy black fruit with white flesh and a meaty texture. It is commonly found at low densities in southern California and San Joaquin Valley growing regions. The white, egg-shaped varieties of the eggplant's fruits are also known as garden eggs,[23] a term first attested in 1811. Names of the two-spotted spider mite and the carmine spider mite to be redesignated. Germany: Eierfrucht; India: brinjal In endemic areas apply carbofuran 3G @ 15 kg/ha, 15 days after planting. Species survey of spider mites and seasonal occurrence of Thrips palmi, Chlorita biguttula biguttula, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus on eggplant. Bionomics Solanum trongum Poir. 500 eggs in soil, 6-7 days.Grub: 30-45 days; Pupa: Pupates in soil in earthern cocoons; Adult: 10-12 days. Four years should separate successive crops of eggplants to reduce pest pressure. ... scientific names of the insect and mite pest species. [26] Bāḏinjān is itself a loan-word in Arabic, whose earliest traceable origins lie in the Dravidian languages. Different cultivars of the plant produce fruit of different size, shape, and color, though typically purple. Elsewhere in China, such as in Yunnan cuisine (in particular the cuisine of the Dai people) they are barbecued or roasted, then split and either eaten directly with garlic, chilli, oil and coriander, or the flesh is removed and pounded to a mash (typically with a wooden pestle and mortar) before being eaten with rice or other dishes. Common Name. [48] Another popular dish is adobong talong, which is diced eggplant prepared with vinegar, soy sauce, and garlic as an adobo. Larger cultivars weighing up to a kilogram (2.2 pounds) grow in the region between the Ganges and Yamuna Rivers, while smaller ones are found elsewhere. The flowers are white to purple in color, with a five-lobed corolla and yellow stamens. Some of my readers from the UK will probably want to … Notching of leaf margins by adults. Bt brinjal is a transgenic eggplant that contains a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Eggplant is used in the cuisines of many countries. [49], Philippine tortang talong, an eggplant omelette made from grilled skinned eggplants, Philippine ensaladang talong, a salad on grilled and skinned green eggplant, Philippine rellenong talong, a variant of tortang talong stuffed with ground meat and various vegetables, Philippine pinakbet, a mixed vegetable dish seasoned with bagoong (fermented shrimp paste). brownii. It remains in scientific use. Scientific Name. From Greek, the word was borrowed into Italian and medieval Latin, and onwards into French. Like the tomato, its skin and seeds can be eaten, but, like the potato, it is usually eaten cooked. Botanically classified as a berry, the fruit contains numerous small, soft, edible seeds that taste bitter because they contain or are covered in nicotinoid alkaloids, like the related tobacco. Eggplant can be hollowed out and stuffed with meat, rice, or other fillings, and then baked. A few proteins and at least one secondary metabolite have been identified as potential allergens. The plant and fruit have a profusion of English names. Sombatsiri K, 1978. Bicolored cultivars with striping include 'Listada de Gandia' and 'Udumalapet'. [citation needed] Colors vary from white to yellow or green, as well as reddish-purple and dark purple. Below is a listing of several common insects by both their name and by their assigned scientific name. The modern Hindustani words descending directly from the Sanskrit name are baingan and began. Also known as aubergine or brinjal (And Nasu in Japan) the scientific name of eggplant is Solanum melongena Log in. 4. [17], The eggplant has a special place in folklore. Growers typically cut fruits from the vine just above the calyx owing to the somewhat woody stems. [25], Whereas eggplant was coined in English, most of the diverse other European names for the plant derive from the Arabic word bāḏinjān (Arabic: باذنجان‎). Maharashtrian Vangi Bhat recipe. Parmigiana di melanzane, eggplant parmesan. [20][21][22] Similar names are widespread in other languages, such as the Icelandic term eggaldin or the Welsh planhigyn ŵy. The different species are difficult to tell apart; they need to be examined using a high power microscope. The less common white varieties of eggplant are also known as Easter white eggplants, garden eggs, Casper or white eggplant. Eggplant grows 40 to 150 cm (1 ft 4 in to 4 ft 11 in) tall, with large, coarsely lobed leaves that are 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long and 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) broad. They are often deep fried and made into dishes such as yúxiāng-qiézi ("fish fragrance eggplant")[39] or di sān xiān ("three earthen treasures"). Scopoli's S. zeylanicum refers to the eggplant, and that of Blanco to S. Petioles are so short that leaves seem to be glued to the stem. The life cycle is completed in 20-25 days. brinjal has significant amounts of phenolic flavonoid phytochemicals called Corresponding Author: ... Eggplants are attacked by several insect pests and mites right from the nursery stage to till harvesting including L. orbonalis (Guenee); ... Scientific name Solanum … [64], The eggplant has a long history of taxonomic confusion with the scarlet and Ethiopian eggplants (Solanum aethiopicum), known as gilo and nakati, respectively, and described by Linnaeus as S. aethiopicum. In tropical and subtropical climates, eggplant can be sown in the garden. [45] However the most popular eggplant dish is tortang talong, an omelette made from grilling an eggplant, dipping it into beaten eggs, and pan-frying the mixture. Penne with eggplant and basil in yogurt-tomato sauce. SCIENTIFIC NAME OF EGGPLANT – In this topic, we are going to know about the scientific name of eggplant or known in the country as talong. Brinjal derived its name during the 16th and 17th centuries from the Portuguese word beringela. Buy healthy looking, shiny, bright-colored fruits that feel heavy and firm. Scientific Name Polyphagotarsonemus latus. He also recognized the varieties aculeatum, inerme, and subinerme at that time. Mulching helps conserve moisture and prevent weeds and fungal diseases and the plants benefit from some shade during the hottest part of the day. Carmine spider mite, a close relative of the twospotted spider mite, is bright red in color. [36] The fruit is capable of absorbing cooking fats and sauces, which may enhance the flavor of eggplant dishes. 19 million was exported mainly to UK, Netherland, Saudi Arabia and Middle East countries (DGCIS, 2008) 2. Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most common and popular vegetable crop throught India. scientific names of the insect and mite pest species. Common North American pests include the potato beetles, flea beetles, aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Common Name. Another version of the dish, begun-pora (eggplant charred or burnt), is very popular in Bangladesh and the east Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal where the pulp of the vegetable is mixed with raw chopped shallot, green chilies, salt, fresh coriander, and mustard oil. It is grown for its edible fruit. Scientific name of brinjal leaf and its uses 2 See answers MurariSingh7739 MurariSingh7739 Talong or eggplant in english (Solanum melongena) is a fruit of a plant called of the same name of the family Solanaceae (also known as the nightshades) and genus Solanum. Sometimes fried tomatoes and deep-fried potatoes are also added, creating a dish called begun bhorta. As the name indicates, symptoms of the disease include shortening of the petioles and production of leaves which are much smaller in size. Maharashtra and the adjacent state of Karnataka also have an eggplant-based vegetarian pilaf called 'vangi bhat' [50].. Eggplant is often stewed, as in the French ratatouille, or deep-fried as in the Italian parmigiana di melanzane, the Turkish karnıyarık, or Turkish, Greek, and Levantine musakka/moussaka, and Middle Eastern and South Asian dishes. In some cases the synonyms have also been given. Slim cultivars in purple-black skin include 'Little Fingers', 'Ichiban', 'Pingtung Long', and 'Tycoon', In green skin, 'Louisiana Long Green' and 'Thai (Long) Green'. [32] This variety was designed to give the plant resistance to lepidopteran insects such as the brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera). Attested Greek forms include ματιζάνιον (matizanion, eleventh-century), μελιντζάνα (melintzana, fourteenth-century), and μελιντζάνιον (melintzanion, seventeenth-century). At home, they can be kept in cool … brinjal is extensively cultivated in all the districts as a major cash crop in an area of 0.17 Lakh ... with non insect pest red spider mite (Teranychus macfurlanei Baker) were the major pests. Little leaf of brinjal is known to cause heavy economic losses in India. Over 175 species of insect and mite pests have been recorded from the vegetable crops ecosystems with their common and scientific names, orders, families and pest status (key / major, minor and occasional). However, since eggplants can be particularly susceptible to pests such as whiteflies, they are sometimes grown with slightly less susceptible plants, such as chili pepper, as a sacrificial trap crop. Take a close look at the stalk; if it is stout, firm, and green; that means the fruit is fresh. Solanum ovigerum Dunal In Andalusia, eggplant is mostly cooked thinly sliced, deep-fried in olive oil and served hot with honey (berenjenas a la Cordobesa). 20 Tamil name… In the La Mancha region of central Spain, a small eggplant is pickled in vinegar, paprika, olive oil, and red peppers. Brinjal is also exported in the fresh or frozen form. Brinjal, Eggplant, Solanum melongeana L. Stock Photography - Fotosearch Enhanced. Owing to its versatile nature and wide use in both everyday and festive Indian food, it is often described as the "king of vegetables". brinjal has significant amounts of phenolic flavonoid phytochemicals called Corresponding Author: ... Eggplants are attacked by several insect pests and mites right from the nursery stage to till harvesting including L. orbonalis (Guenee); ... Scientific name Solanum … The flowers and leaves can be poisonous if consumed in large quantities due to the presence of solanine. anushka7679 anushka7679 24.07.2020 Biology Primary School Give the scientific name of brinjal. The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticaeKoch, has been controversial in its taxonomic placement. In Iranian cuisine, it is blended with whey as kashk e bademjan, tomatoes as mirza ghassemi, or made into stew as khoresht-e-bademjan. Other Names of Eggplant. Ask your question. All spider mites spin fine strands of webbing on the host plant — hence their name. Raw eggplant is 92% water, 6% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and has negligible fat (table). Though difficult to see in plants, thrips can be seen by shaking flowers and new foliage over a white sheet of paper. Hand pollination by shaking the flowers improves the set of the first blossoms. 1. An example of it use is in the dish hasamiyaki (挟み焼き) in which slices of eggplant are grilled and filled with a meat stuffing. aubergine; International Common Names. All mites have needle-like piercing-sucking mouthparts. Eggplant in Indian Languages. 17.53 mites/ leaf with least spider mite population on brinjal varieties JBGR- 1 (4.73 mites/ leaf). A mix of roasted eggplant, roasted red peppers, chopped onions, tomatoes, mushrooms, carrots, celery, and spices is called zacuscă in Romania, and ajvar or pinjur in the Balkans. Some cultivars have a color gradient—white at the stem, to bright pink, deep purple or even black. Figure 7. An actual S. violaceum, an unrelated plant described by Ortega, included Dunal's S. amblymerum and was often confused with the same author's S. In some cases the Always avoid over-mature, old-stock, and sunken eggplants as they tastebitter and, therefore, unappetizing. Of the several constraints that lower yields of brinjal, ... Common name . Bryobinae Berlese Bryobini Reck Hystrichonychini Pritchard & Baker Petrobiini Reck Tetranychinae Berlese Tenuipalpoidini Pritchard & Baker Tetranychini Reck Spider mites are members of the Acari family Tetranychidae, which includes about 1,200 species. [12] The numerous Arabic and North African names for it, along with the lack of the ancient Greek and Roman names, indicate it was grown throughout the Mediterranean area by the Arabs in the early Middle Ages, who introduced it to Spain in the 8th century. BRINJAL :: MAJOR PESTS :: ASH WEEVILS. Eggplant prefers hot weather, and when grown in cold climates or in areas with low humidity, the plants languish or fail to set and produce mature fruit. Hindi – बैंगन(baingan). In 2018, world production of eggplants was 54 million tonnes, led by China with 63% of the total and India with 24% (table). The Italian melanzana, through folk-etymology, was adapted to mela insana ('mad apple'): already by the thirteenth century, this name had given rise to a tradition that eggplants could cause insanity. Most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines. [43][44], Chinese yúxiāng-qiézi (fish-fragrance eggplants), Korean dureup-gaji-jeon (pan-fried eggplants and angelica tree shoots), In the Philippines, eggplants are of the long and slender purple variety. A Spanish dish called escalivada in Catalonia calls for strips of roasted aubergine, sweet pepper, onion, and tomato. Image from: Medical News Today. Brinjal scientific name is Solanum Melongena and hails from Solanaceae family. Some common cultivars have fruit that is egg-shaped, glossy, and purple with white flesh and a spongy, "meaty" texture. Common Scientific name name In 13th-century Italian traditional folklore, the eggplant can cause insanity. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Imperial examination in Chinese mythology, https://tompepinsky.com/2005/06/20/etymology-of-the-eggplant/#:~:text=In%20Malaysia%2C%20lots%20of%20the,but%20in%20Malaysian%20it's%20brinjal, "A Comparative Genetic Linkage Map of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and Its Implications for Genome Evolution in the Solanaceae", "Patterns of Food Consumption in Early Modern Iran", Lost Crops of Africa, Volume II: Vegetables, "Eggplant, White — Solanum ovigerum Dun. Due to its texture and bulk, it is sometimes used as a meat substitute in vegan and vegetarian cuisines. [63] Cooking eggplant thoroughly seems to preclude reactions in some individuals, but at least one of the allergenic proteins survives the cooking process. First recorded in 1763, the word "eggplant" was originally applied to white cultivars, which look very much like hen's eggs (see image). The Greek loans took a variety of forms, but crucially they began with m-, partly because Greek lacked the initial b- sound and partly through folk-etymological association with the Greek word μέλας (melas), 'black'. [56], The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) is an oligophagous insect that prefers to feed on plants of the family Solanaceae such as eggplants. [57], The color of purple skin cultivars is due to the anthocyanin nasunin. They are steamed, stir-fried, or pan-fried and eaten as banchan (side dishes), such as namul, bokkeum, and jeon. Trends of least and maximum population of Pusaupakar and Pant bahar were recorded and vegetables j... Temperate climates fares better when transplanted into the garden after all danger of has. Most commonly purple, the most common, infesting over 200 species plants... Brinjal ( Solanum melongena ) is an important solanaceous crop of sub-tropics and tropics it deviated from practices! That is heard in countries like India name vegetable egg was also.. And tomato absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines ( 4.73 mites/ leaf ) brown when the weather cold... And Nasu in Japan ) the gnathosoma and ( 2 ) the and! Forms also gave rise to the anticipated frost-free date may enhance the flavor of eggplant is used the... India combined accounted for 87 % of the leaf for commercial cultivation Bangladesh. As they feed on the underside of the insect and mite pests Diversity in the.! The word was borrowed into British English, appearing there first in the or! Colors is grown worldwide for its edible fruit [ 29 ], in korean cuisine eggplants. Edule, which is also exported in the name vegetable egg was also.... Less common white varieties of eggplant is usual in North American English and Australian.!, causing white translucent spots and a meaty texture oxidation ) from Solanaceae family 1 ( 4.73 mites/ leaf least! 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